The course will introduce students to the range of plant macrofossils (seeds, fruits, and other plant remains larger than about 0.5 mm) found in Quaternary sediments in Northern Europe, by use of reference material and literature (seed atlases, etc.). There will be 5 lectures about seed morphology and identification, representation in sediments (surface sample studies), comparison with pollen analysis, palaeoecological interpretations, uses in environmental archaeology and archaeobotany, and special uses and studies, including radiocarbon dating and the life of Ôtzi the Ice Man.